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Gentle Dictator   Reforms and Prohibitions Introduced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms and the prohibitions he enacted were crucial in laying the foundations of modern Turkey. Below, we will examine these topics in detail. Atatürk's Reforms 1. Abolition of the Sultanate (November 1, 1922):    The Ottoman sultanate was abolished, paving the way for the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. This was a significant step towards ending the monarchy and declaring a republic. 2. Proclamation of the Republic (October 29, 1923):    The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became its first president. This step radically changed the state's governance structure. 3. Abolition of the Caliphate (March 3, 1924):    The institution of the caliphate, which represented the religious leadership of the Ottoman Empire, was abolished. This was an important move towards strengthening a secular state structure. 4. Law on the Unification of Education (March 3, 1924):    Education was unified, leading to the closure of madrasas and the opening of modern educational institutions. 5. Hat Law (November 25, 1925):    A law was enacted to promote modern attire by mandating the wearing of hats and banning the fez. 6. Closure of Dervish Lodges and Shrines (November 30, 1925):    Dervish lodges and shrines were closed. This ensured the separation of religious institutions from state affairs. 7. Adoption of the Civil Code (February 17, 1926):    A new civil code, modeled after the Swiss Civil Code, was adopted. This introduced gender equality and a modern legal system. 8. Alphabet Reform (November 1, 1928):    The Arabic script was replaced by the Latin alphabet. This contributed to increasing literacy rates. 9. Changes in Calendar, Time, and Measurements (1925-1931):    The Gregorian calendar replaced the Islamic calendar, the international time system replaced the traditional system, and the metric system was adopted. 10. Surname Law (June 21, 1934):     A law was enacted requiring every citizen to have a surname. Mustafa Kemal was given the surname Atatürk. 11. Women's Rights Reforms:     Women were granted the right to participate in municipal elections (1930) and the right to vote and be elected in national elections (1934). Prohibitions During Atatürk's Era 1. Ban on the Fez:    The Hat Law included a ban on wearing the fez. 2. Religious Attire:    The use of religious attire was restricted to religious ceremonies and places of worship. 3. Activities of Religious Orders and Communities:    The closure of dervish lodges and shrines included a ban on the activities of religious orders and communities. 4. Arabic Call to Prayer:    In 1932, the decision was made to call the adhan (call to prayer) in Turkish, and the Arabic adhan was banned until 1950. 5. Traditional Educational Institutions:    Madrasas were closed, and a modern educational system was established. Impact of Atatürk's Reforms Atatürk's reforms were aimed at transforming Turkey into a contemporary state. These reforms led to significant changes in all aspects of society and contributed to Turkey's modernization process. Changes in education, law, clothing, language, calendar, and measurements were fundamental in Turkey's westernization and secularization process. Although these reforms faced resistance from some segments of society at the time, they significantly contributed to Turkey's development as a modern and independent state in the long run. Atatürk's vision continues to form the foundation of Turkey's existence as a contemporary state today. #atatürk #cumhuriyet #atatürkçocukları #turk #türk #türkiye #türkiye🇹🇷 #cumhuriyethalkpartisi #devlet #türk #türkiyem🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷
Gentle Dictator Reforms and Prohibitions Introduced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms and the prohibitions he enacted were crucial in laying the foundations of modern Turkey. Below, we will examine these topics in detail. Atatürk's Reforms 1. Abolition of the Sultanate (November 1, 1922): The Ottoman sultanate was abolished, paving the way for the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. This was a significant step towards ending the monarchy and declaring a republic. 2. Proclamation of the Republic (October 29, 1923): The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became its first president. This step radically changed the state's governance structure. 3. Abolition of the Caliphate (March 3, 1924): The institution of the caliphate, which represented the religious leadership of the Ottoman Empire, was abolished. This was an important move towards strengthening a secular state structure. 4. Law on the Unification of Education (March 3, 1924): Education was unified, leading to the closure of madrasas and the opening of modern educational institutions. 5. Hat Law (November 25, 1925): A law was enacted to promote modern attire by mandating the wearing of hats and banning the fez. 6. Closure of Dervish Lodges and Shrines (November 30, 1925): Dervish lodges and shrines were closed. This ensured the separation of religious institutions from state affairs. 7. Adoption of the Civil Code (February 17, 1926): A new civil code, modeled after the Swiss Civil Code, was adopted. This introduced gender equality and a modern legal system. 8. Alphabet Reform (November 1, 1928): The Arabic script was replaced by the Latin alphabet. This contributed to increasing literacy rates. 9. Changes in Calendar, Time, and Measurements (1925-1931): The Gregorian calendar replaced the Islamic calendar, the international time system replaced the traditional system, and the metric system was adopted. 10. Surname Law (June 21, 1934): A law was enacted requiring every citizen to have a surname. Mustafa Kemal was given the surname Atatürk. 11. Women's Rights Reforms: Women were granted the right to participate in municipal elections (1930) and the right to vote and be elected in national elections (1934). Prohibitions During Atatürk's Era 1. Ban on the Fez: The Hat Law included a ban on wearing the fez. 2. Religious Attire: The use of religious attire was restricted to religious ceremonies and places of worship. 3. Activities of Religious Orders and Communities: The closure of dervish lodges and shrines included a ban on the activities of religious orders and communities. 4. Arabic Call to Prayer: In 1932, the decision was made to call the adhan (call to prayer) in Turkish, and the Arabic adhan was banned until 1950. 5. Traditional Educational Institutions: Madrasas were closed, and a modern educational system was established. Impact of Atatürk's Reforms Atatürk's reforms were aimed at transforming Turkey into a contemporary state. These reforms led to significant changes in all aspects of society and contributed to Turkey's modernization process. Changes in education, law, clothing, language, calendar, and measurements were fundamental in Turkey's westernization and secularization process. Although these reforms faced resistance from some segments of society at the time, they significantly contributed to Turkey's development as a modern and independent state in the long run. Atatürk's vision continues to form the foundation of Turkey's existence as a contemporary state today. #atatürk #cumhuriyet #atatürkçocukları #turk #türk #türkiye #türkiye🇹🇷 #cumhuriyethalkpartisi #devlet #türk #türkiyem🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷

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