@inventionontt: When you wet a piece of sodium metal, it gets hot and fizzes; sometimes the reaction can be extreme enough to produce flames and explosions. However, when sodium chloride comes into contact with water, it simply dissolves; and when chlorine is dropped into water, it acts as a disinfectant, killing bacteria and microorganisms. So what about sodium itself causes such a violent reaction? The answer has to do with the quantum interactions between the metal and the water molecules. It can be a little easier to understand this reaction when you think of sodium compared to a noble gas; it is similar to neon, which has ten protons and ten electrons. Noble gases are known for their stability due to their full atomic orbitals, not needing to gain or lose electrons; neon has its 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals are full. This stability is ruined when you detour from noble gases, such as with sodium. This element has 11 protons, and the ‘extra’ electron is held on very loosely with the next atomic orbital. This is why sodium so readily gives up an electron in compounds such as sodium chloride, which forms a stable bond. On the other hand, water may look like a stable molecule but is a highly polar molecule. Because of its bent shape, there is one side of the oxygen has a preferred negative charge (the side with the lone pairs) while the other has a preferred positive charge (the side with the two hydrogens). When there is a lot of liquid water together, the molecules position themselves so that the negative ends ‘neutralize’ the positive ends and the electric potential energy is minimized. Some of the water molecules, one in millions, will dissociate into their respective ions – the proton (H+) and hydroxyl (OH–) ions. Video Credit: YouTube/eatstoomuchjam #History #Science #education #learn #invention #entertainment #news #interesting #Tech #facts #story #fyp #viral #explore

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Thursday 21 March 2024 00:23:19 GMT