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April 17, 1863: Charlotte Brown Forced Off Streetcar Months after San Francisco’s horse-powered street car companies during the Civil War dispatched their street cars — with orders to only accept white passengers — African American citizens began to directly challenge this discrimination. On April 17, 1863, Charlotte Brown, a young African American woman from a prominent family, boarded a street car and was forced off. Determined to assert her rights, Brown boarded street cars twice more and twice more was ejected by the year’s end. Each time she began a legal suit against the company.  Charlotte was not one to go quietly however, thanks in large part to the way her tenacious parents had raised her. Her father, James E. Brown was a co-founder of the Bay Area’s first African-American newspaper, Mirror of the Times, and an outspoken abolitionist. Charlotte and her father decided to take action by bringing a lawsuit against Omnibus Railroad, an extraordinarily brave move, given that it had only been a matter of months since African Americans in California had gained the right to testify against white people in court. During the case, Omnibus defended its racist policies, arguing that people of color should not be permitted to ride streetcars in case they made white women and children feel “fearful or repulsed.” While Charlotte ultimately won the case and was awarded $25 and costs, appeals by Omnibus kept her tied up in court for months. The end result saw her award sum reduced to just five cents, the cost of Charlotte’s original ticket. What’s more, the case did not change Omnibus policy. Just days after the first case was finally over, Charlotte was removed from another Omnibus streetcar. Charlotte and her father went straight back to court, this time finding themselves arguing in front of a very sympathetic judge. Judge Orville C. Pratt of the 12th District Court deemed segregation “barbaric” and awarded Charlotte $500 and, in his landmark October 1864 ruling, stated: It has been already quite too long tolerated by the dominant race to see with indifference the Negro or mulatto treated as a brute, insulted, wronged, enslaved, made to wear a yoke, to tremble before white men, to serve him as a tool, to hold property and life at his will, to surrender to him his intellect and conscience, and to seal his lips and belie his thought through dread of the white man’s power. Charlotte continued to follow in the footsteps of her fierce family later in life. A decade after winning her court case, Charlotte married fellow activist James Henry Riker, who had been one of the organizers of the 1865 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, which brought together Black activists, churches, social clubs and literary societies to plan courses of action. The couple went on to live on the edge of Chinatown, while Charlotte established a primary school in North Beach. There can be no doubt that Charlotte’s case went on to bolster Mary Ellen Pleasant in 1866 when she brought a lawsuit against North Beach Municipal Railroad for refusing to pick her up, an ongoing problem for San Francisco’s Black population for years after Brown’s case concluded. Pleasant’s lawsuit made it all the way to California’s Supreme Court, and in 1893, a statewide ban on streetcar segregation came into effect.. Charlotte’s case was also cited by Senator Charles Sumner as legal precedent while he fought for desegregated transport in Washington DC. Charlotte is remembered alongside the likes of Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Jennings, Frances Harper and Ida B. Wells, all of whom fought similar battles around the country during the same era. In an age of pioneers, Charlotte L. Brown was one of the boldest. #fypシ゚viral #learnyourblackhistory #fyp #blackhistory #blackhistorymonth
April 17, 1863: Charlotte Brown Forced Off Streetcar Months after San Francisco’s horse-powered street car companies during the Civil War dispatched their street cars — with orders to only accept white passengers — African American citizens began to directly challenge this discrimination. On April 17, 1863, Charlotte Brown, a young African American woman from a prominent family, boarded a street car and was forced off. Determined to assert her rights, Brown boarded street cars twice more and twice more was ejected by the year’s end. Each time she began a legal suit against the company. Charlotte was not one to go quietly however, thanks in large part to the way her tenacious parents had raised her. Her father, James E. Brown was a co-founder of the Bay Area’s first African-American newspaper, Mirror of the Times, and an outspoken abolitionist. Charlotte and her father decided to take action by bringing a lawsuit against Omnibus Railroad, an extraordinarily brave move, given that it had only been a matter of months since African Americans in California had gained the right to testify against white people in court. During the case, Omnibus defended its racist policies, arguing that people of color should not be permitted to ride streetcars in case they made white women and children feel “fearful or repulsed.” While Charlotte ultimately won the case and was awarded $25 and costs, appeals by Omnibus kept her tied up in court for months. The end result saw her award sum reduced to just five cents, the cost of Charlotte’s original ticket. What’s more, the case did not change Omnibus policy. Just days after the first case was finally over, Charlotte was removed from another Omnibus streetcar. Charlotte and her father went straight back to court, this time finding themselves arguing in front of a very sympathetic judge. Judge Orville C. Pratt of the 12th District Court deemed segregation “barbaric” and awarded Charlotte $500 and, in his landmark October 1864 ruling, stated: It has been already quite too long tolerated by the dominant race to see with indifference the Negro or mulatto treated as a brute, insulted, wronged, enslaved, made to wear a yoke, to tremble before white men, to serve him as a tool, to hold property and life at his will, to surrender to him his intellect and conscience, and to seal his lips and belie his thought through dread of the white man’s power. Charlotte continued to follow in the footsteps of her fierce family later in life. A decade after winning her court case, Charlotte married fellow activist James Henry Riker, who had been one of the organizers of the 1865 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, which brought together Black activists, churches, social clubs and literary societies to plan courses of action. The couple went on to live on the edge of Chinatown, while Charlotte established a primary school in North Beach. There can be no doubt that Charlotte’s case went on to bolster Mary Ellen Pleasant in 1866 when she brought a lawsuit against North Beach Municipal Railroad for refusing to pick her up, an ongoing problem for San Francisco’s Black population for years after Brown’s case concluded. Pleasant’s lawsuit made it all the way to California’s Supreme Court, and in 1893, a statewide ban on streetcar segregation came into effect.. Charlotte’s case was also cited by Senator Charles Sumner as legal precedent while he fought for desegregated transport in Washington DC. Charlotte is remembered alongside the likes of Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Jennings, Frances Harper and Ida B. Wells, all of whom fought similar battles around the country during the same era. In an age of pioneers, Charlotte L. Brown was one of the boldest. #fypシ゚viral #learnyourblackhistory #fyp #blackhistory #blackhistorymonth

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