@monicanutrition: Hyperparathyroidism (Overactive parathyroids → ↑ PTH) Types Primary – usually due to a benign adenoma, hyperplasia, or (rarely) carcinoma. Secondary – compensatory increase in PTH due to chronic low calcium (e.g., chronic kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency). Tertiary – autonomous PTH secretion after long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism (often in renal patients). Effects High PTH → High calcium (hypercalcemia) + Low phosphate (hypophosphatemia) Bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans. Bone pain, osteoporosis, fractures. Kidney stones, polyuria.. GI issues: constipation, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis. Neuro: fatigue, depression, confusion Management Primary: Surgery (parathyroidectomy) if symptomatic or severe; otherwise monitor. Secondary: Treat underlying cause (e.g., phosphate binders, vitamin D, dialysis). Hydration, bisphosphonates, calcimimetics (cinacalcet) may help. Hypoparathyroidism (Underactive parathyroids → ↓ PTH) Causes Most common: post-surgical (thyroid/parathyroid surgery). Autoimmune destruction. Genetic syndromes (DiGeorge syndrome). Low magnesium (needed for PTH secretion Hypoparathyroidism (Underactive parathyroids → Effects Low PTH → Low calcium (hypocalcemia) + High phosphate (hyperphosphatemia) Symptoms of hypocalcemia: Tingling around mouth, hands, feet Muscle cramps, spasms (tetany), carpopedal spasm Chvostek’s sign (facial spasm when tapping cheek) Trousseau’s sign (carpal spasm with BP cuff inflation) Severe: seizures, cardiac arrhythmias).

Nutritional therapy MSc, PhD.

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Wednesday 10 September 2025 09:29:18 GMT