@gerewassie: 🦶 Ankle Sprain An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments supporting the ankle joint are stretched or torn, usually due to a sudden twist, roll, or awkward landing. Ligaments are strong connective tissues that stabilize the joint. When they fail, pain, swelling, and instability follow. 📍 Common Mechanism of Injury 🔄 Inversion Injury (Most Common) Foot rolls inward Injures lateral ligaments 🔄 Eversion Injury (Less Common) Foot rolls outward Injures medial (deltoid) ligament 🔄 High Ankle Sprain Occurs with twisting + external rotation Involves ligaments between tibia and fibula 🧠 Ligaments Involved Lateral Ligaments (Most Frequently Injured) ATFL – Anterior Talofibular Ligament (most common) CFL – Calcaneofibular Ligament PTFL – Posterior Talofibular Ligament Medial Ligament Deltoid ligament – very strong, less often injured Syndesmotic Ligaments (High Ankle Sprain) Anterior & posterior tibiofibular ligaments Interosseous membrane ⚠️ Grades of Ankle Sprain 🟢 Grade I (Mild) Ligament stretched Mild swelling & pain No instability Walking possible 🟡 Grade II (Moderate) Partial tear Moderate swelling & bruising Pain with walking Mild instability 🔴 Grade III (Severe) Complete tear Severe swelling, bruising Marked instability Unable to bear weight 🩺 Symptoms Pain around ankle Swelling Bruising Difficulty walking Instability or “giving way” Tenderness on touch Reduced range of motion 🧠 Why Ankle Sprains Become Chronic If not properly rehabilitated: Ligaments heal long but weak Proprioception is lost Muscles react slower Recurrent sprains occur This leads to Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). 🩹 Diagnosis Clinical examination Ligament stress tests X-ray (to rule out fracture) MRI (for severe or persistent cases) 🏃‍♂️ Management & Rehabilitation ❄️ Acute Phase (First 48–72 hrs) Protection & rest Ice Compression Elevation 🧠 Rehabilitation Phase Restore range of motion Strengthen peroneal muscles Proprioceptive & balance training Gait retraining Functional exercises 🏋️ Return to Activity Sport-specific drills Bracing or taping if needed 🚫 Common Mistakes ❌ Ignoring pain ❌ Early return to sport ❌ Only resting without rehab ❌ Skipping balance training

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Wednesday 28 January 2026 15:43:57 GMT