Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste, toxins, and excess fluids effectively. It can be acute (sudden and often reversible) or chronic (gradual and usually irreversible). Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, dehydration, infections, and drug toxicity. Symptoms include reduced urine output, swelling, fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, and confusion. Diagnosis involves blood tests, urine analysis, imaging, and GFR measurement. Complications may include fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, and heart problems. Treatment includes medications, electrolyte management, and advanced therapies like dialysis or kidney transplant. Early signs such as foamy urine, fatigue, and frequent urination should not be ignored.#nursingexam #nursingstudent #nursingnotes #study #studynotes - @your.assignment.guy