@doctormurin: Philosophical pessimism is a school of thought arguing that life has negative value, with suffering inherently outweighing pleasure. It posits that existence is fundamentally flawed or meaningless, often suggesting non-existence is preferable. Key figures like Arthur Schopenhauer emphasized that blind, ceaseless desires (the "will") cause constant dissatisfaction.Core Tenets and Key FiguresArthur Schopenhauer: The central modern figure, he believed that human life is driven by an insatiable "will" that results in a cycle of suffering, where achievement only brings temporary satisfaction or boredom.Suffering Over Pleasure: Pessimists argue that pain is positive (felt acutely) while pleasure is merely the negative absence of pain.Antinatalism: Some modern pessimists, such as David Benatar, argue that bringing new life into a world full of suffering is immoral.Historical Roots: Pessimism has long roots, including the Greek philosopher Hegesias of Cyrene (3rd Century BCE) and elements within Eastern traditions such as Buddhism's focus on suffering (dukkha).Varieties of PessimismAxiological Pessimism: Claims that the good in life does not outweigh the bad.Meliorism vs. Pessimism: While optimism believes the world is good, and meliorism believes we can make it better, pessimism often argues that no amount of improvement can redeem the fundamental flawed nature of existence.Responses to PessimismArtistic/Ascetic Relief: Schopenhauer suggested that art, music, and ascetic detachment could temporarily silence the "will" and reduce suffering.Nietzsche’s Critique: Friedrich Nietzsche, while acknowledging the misery of life, criticized pessimism as a form of weakness, favoring a, "tragic optimism" that affirms life despite its cruelty.Philosophical pessimism is not merely a depressed mood (psychological pessimism) but a structured rational argument regarding the quality of life and existence.#philosophy #pessimism #philosophytiktok #ethics #edit

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Monday 06 April 2026 15:27:56 GMT