@greghogg5: Unit testing is the process of verifying the smallest functional parts of an application. A unit is typically a single function or a method within a specific class. These tests are executed in isolation from the rest of the system and its dependencies. Mocking and stubbing are used to simulate external factors like databases or web services. This isolation ensures that a failure in the test is definitely caused by the specific code being tested. Unit tests are written by developers as they write the actual application code. Because they do not rely on a network or a disk they run in milliseconds. A large suite of thousands of unit tests can be completed in just a few seconds. They provide an immediate safety net that prevents old code from breaking when new changes are added. High unit test coverage is a primary indicator of a maintainable and stable codebase.