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yasmin Alexandra
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uma.stay9
୨୧“‹ .Paty. ›”୨୧ :
tia tem espaço p mais uma? ( gosto de gyaru)
2026-06-25 00:37:26
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contadeyumifofocas
.•°*”𝐜𝐚𝐭❀𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐝˜”*°•. :
lindas e divas igual a mae
2026-10-15 00:12:26
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analuizaribeirool0
ana :
Me nota DIVA
2026-06-18 21:58:42
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hello_kitty_esquisita123
✩•̩̩͙*𝔈𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔢*•̩̩͙✩ :
diva
2026-06-12 01:28:28
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rvy.nz
Ravy :
que fofas 😍💝
2026-06-12 00:55:26
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sou.vavi
★wa.vii✂️ :
notaa
2026-10-27 03:26:21
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noya_nishinoya4libero
ოízí💘🪷 :
https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSgNcd5DT/
2026-10-16 12:43:04
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isaamayunhah
🌷𝙸𝚜𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚕𝚢_ama_yunah🎀 :
omgg
2026-09-09 20:00:26
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When French paediatrician Marthe Gautier began studying children with Down syndrome in the late 1950s, doctors had been describing the condition for almost a century. They recognised its physical characteristics, but no one knew why it occurred. The genetic revolution was only just beginning. In fact, scientists had only recently established that humans have 46 chromosomes, correcting the long-held belief that we had 48. Marthe believed the answer might lie there. Her path into research had been deeply personal. After losing one of her younger sisters to a congenital heart defect, she chose to specialise in paediatrics. She trained in paediatric cardiology at the Hôpitaux de Paris under the renowned physician Robert Debré, one of only two women in the programme, before receiving a scholarship to study in the United States. There, she learned the then-new technique of culturing human cells. When she returned to France, she discovered that the laboratory facilities she needed barely existed. Rather than abandon the project, she built her own cell-culture laboratory using borrowed equipment and improvised materials, becoming one of the first researchers in France capable of growing human cells for chromosome analysis. Working with cells taken from children with Down syndrome, Marthe spent months preparing cultures and examining them under a microscope. Eventually, the pattern became impossible to ignore. Every sample contained 47 chromosomes instead of 46. One extra chromosome. It was the first time anyone had identified the genetic cause of Down syndrome, a discovery that transformed medicine and laid the foundations of modern cytogenetics. Publishing that discovery, however, required specialised chromosome photographs that Marthe’s laboratory could not produce. The slides were taken to another laboratory, and in 1959 the findings were published under the names Jérôme Lejeune, Marthe Gautier and Raymond Turpin. Over the decades that followed, Jérôme Lejeune became widely recognised as the discoverer of trisomy 21 and was nominated for the Nobel Prize. Marthe’s role received far less attention. She consistently maintained that the decisive discovery had already been made before the photographs were taken, when she successfully cultured the cells and identified the extra chromosome. In recent years, many historians of science have re-examined the evidence and concluded that her contribution was fundamental to one of the greatest discoveries in modern genetics. Marthe Gautier never argued that science belongs to one person. Scientific breakthroughs are almost always collaborative. She argued something much simpler. That every person who makes a discovery deserves to be remembered for it. #feminist #herstory #WomenInHistory #womeninstem #feminism
When French paediatrician Marthe Gautier began studying children with Down syndrome in the late 1950s, doctors had been describing the condition for almost a century. They recognised its physical characteristics, but no one knew why it occurred. The genetic revolution was only just beginning. In fact, scientists had only recently established that humans have 46 chromosomes, correcting the long-held belief that we had 48. Marthe believed the answer might lie there. Her path into research had been deeply personal. After losing one of her younger sisters to a congenital heart defect, she chose to specialise in paediatrics. She trained in paediatric cardiology at the Hôpitaux de Paris under the renowned physician Robert Debré, one of only two women in the programme, before receiving a scholarship to study in the United States. There, she learned the then-new technique of culturing human cells. When she returned to France, she discovered that the laboratory facilities she needed barely existed. Rather than abandon the project, she built her own cell-culture laboratory using borrowed equipment and improvised materials, becoming one of the first researchers in France capable of growing human cells for chromosome analysis. Working with cells taken from children with Down syndrome, Marthe spent months preparing cultures and examining them under a microscope. Eventually, the pattern became impossible to ignore. Every sample contained 47 chromosomes instead of 46. One extra chromosome. It was the first time anyone had identified the genetic cause of Down syndrome, a discovery that transformed medicine and laid the foundations of modern cytogenetics. Publishing that discovery, however, required specialised chromosome photographs that Marthe’s laboratory could not produce. The slides were taken to another laboratory, and in 1959 the findings were published under the names Jérôme Lejeune, Marthe Gautier and Raymond Turpin. Over the decades that followed, Jérôme Lejeune became widely recognised as the discoverer of trisomy 21 and was nominated for the Nobel Prize. Marthe’s role received far less attention. She consistently maintained that the decisive discovery had already been made before the photographs were taken, when she successfully cultured the cells and identified the extra chromosome. In recent years, many historians of science have re-examined the evidence and concluded that her contribution was fundamental to one of the greatest discoveries in modern genetics. Marthe Gautier never argued that science belongs to one person. Scientific breakthroughs are almost always collaborative. She argued something much simpler. That every person who makes a discovery deserves to be remembered for it. #feminist #herstory #WomenInHistory #womeninstem #feminism

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