@_berkfan: “Civilize who exactly? Europeans were literally traveling to Muslim Spain to learn Arabic so they could access mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. Algebra itself comes from the Arabic al-jabr, and the ‘Arabic numerals’ you use every day reached Europe through the Islamic world. Hard to claim you were ‘civilizing everyone’ when you were busy importing their textbook India already had universities like Nalanda (c. 427–1200 CE), one of the world’s earliest residential universities, attracting thousands of students from across Asia. India had advanced mathematics, medicine, astronomy, architecture, literature, and vast trade networks centuries before British rule. Indian scholars developed the concept of zero and made major contributions to algebra and trigonometry. During the Islamic Golden Age (8th–14th centuries), scholars at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad were preserving, translating, and expanding knowledge in algebra, astronomy, medicine, geography, and philosophy. Scholars like Al-Khwarizmi helped lay the foundations of modern algebra, while physicians like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) wrote medical texts that were studied in European universities for centuries. Muslim Spain (Al-Andalus) was one of Europe’s greatest intellectual centers. Cities like Cordoba, Toledo, and Granada had libraries, hospitals, public baths, paved streets, advanced irrigation systems, and thriving centers of scholarship. Cordoba was one of the largest cities in Europe at the time. European scholars traveled to places like Toledo to study Arabic texts and translate them into Latin, helping reintroduce classical Greek knowledge and scientific works into Western Europe. Learning Arabic became valuable for scholars because many important scientific and philosophical texts were available in Arabic. China was already one of the most advanced civilizations on Earth and gave the world paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Egypt had organized states, monumental architecture, taxation systems, international trade networks, and written language thousands of years before European colonialism. Ethiopia had the Kingdom of Aksum, its own script (Geʽez), long-distance trade with Rome, Arabia, and India, and a long-standing state tradition. Europeans didn’t arrive on empty land full of ‘uncivilized people.’ They arrived in places that were already civilizations. You can argue colonialism brought certain institutions, infrastructure, or technologies to some places, but saying Europeans ‘civilized the world’ ignores the fact that many of those societies already had universities, medicine, science, governments, and thriving cultures long before European rule. #fyp #goldenageofislam #india #historytok #england

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Tuesday 23 June 2026 05:28:15 GMT