@pulseveris: 🩺 BREAST EXAMINATION A systematic breast examination is an essential part of clinical practice and plays an important role in the early detection of benign and malignant breast diseases. Careful examination helps identify abnormalities that require further investigation and timely management. 🔹 Inspection • Breast size and symmetry • Shape and contour • Skin changes • Visible swelling • Skin dimpling • Skin tethering • Peau d’orange • Ulceration • Scars • Dilated veins • Nipple position • Nipple inversion • Nipple retraction • Nipple deviation • Nipple discharge • Eczematous nipple changes ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🔹 Palpation • Local temperature • Tenderness • Breast lump • Site • Size • Shape • Surface • Borders • Consistency • Mobility • Fixity to skin • Fixity to chest wall • Number of lesions ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🔹 Regional Lymph Nodes • Axillary lymph nodes • Supraclavicular lymph nodes • Infraclavicular lymph nodes ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🔹 Common Conditions • Fibroadenoma • Fibrocystic breast changes • Breast cyst • Mastitis • Breast abscess • Duct ectasia • Intraductal papilloma • Fat necrosis • Gynecomastia • Breast carcinoma • Paget disease of the nipple ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 👩 Adult significance • Breast lump assessment • Breast cancer screening • Evaluation of nipple discharge • Axillary lymph node examination ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 👧 Pediatric & adolescent significance • Breast bud assessment • Normal pubertal development • Juvenile fibroadenoma • Adolescent gynecomastia ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Essential for medical students, OSCEs, clinical examinations, surgical rotations, breast clinics, and everyday clinical practice. 📚 References • Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking • Macleod’s Clinical Examination • Hutchison’s Clinical Methods • Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery ⚠️ Medical education only. #PulseVeris #DataBecomesDetail #BreastExamination #ClinicalExamination #MedicalEducation
