@ahmad.ali21527: If a patient's routine semen analysis is completely normal (volume, concentration, motility, morphology, and vitality), but the couple has not achieved pregnancy despite prolonged unprotected intercourse, the following additional investigations may be considered: Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) Test – to assess sperm DNA integrity. Oxidative Stress / Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Test – to detect oxidative damage affecting sperm function. Sperm Chromatin Integrity Test – to evaluate chromatin quality. Hormonal Profile (if clinically indicated) – FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin, and thyroid function tests. Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound – to detect varicocele or other testicular abnormalities. Genetic Testing – in selected cases, especially if there is a history suggestive of genetic causes. Assessment of the female partner – including ovulation testing, ovarian reserve assessment, and evaluation of tubal patency, since female factors are a common cause of infertility. If both the male and female evaluations are normal, the couple may be diagnosed with Unexplained infertility, and referral to a fertility specialist for further evaluation and management (such as IUI or IVF) is appropriate.

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Monday 29 June 2026 14:18:01 GMT