@sajid_khan023: Edema Definition: Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial (tissue) spaces, causing swelling of the affected body part. Types of Edema Pitting edema: A finger press leaves a depression (pit). Non-pitting edema: No depression remains after pressure (e.g., lymphedema, myxedema). Localized edema: Swelling in one area (e.g., an injured ankle). Generalized edema (Anasarca): Widespread swelling throughout the body. Causes Heart failure Kidney disease (e.g., nephrotic syndrome) Liver disease (cirrhosis) Pregnancy Malnutrition (low protein/albumin) Venous insufficiency Lymphatic obstruction Certain medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers, steroids) Allergic reactions Signs and Symptoms Swelling of feet, ankles, legs, hands, or face Tight or shiny skin Pitting on pressure (in pitting edema) Weight gain Reduced joint movement Shortness of breath if fluid accumulates in the lungs Diagnosis History and physical examination Blood tests (kidney function, liver function, albumin) Urinalysis Chest X-ray (if heart failure is suspected) ECG/Echocardiogram Ultrasound (if deep vein thrombosis is suspected) Management Treat the underlying cause Restrict salt intake Elevate the affected limb Compression stockings (when appropriate) Regular exercise Prescribed diuretics, such as Furosemide, if indicated Monitor body weight and fluid balance Nursing Management Assess the location and severity of edema Monitor vital signs and daily weight Record intake and output Encourage limb elevation Provide skin care to prevent breakdown

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Thursday 02 July 2026 15:52:01 GMT