@qetootia: ექსკურსიის სერიებიდან😁#🐆🖤 #ფორიუ

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Thursday 02 July 2026 18:48:39 GMT
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GPS satellite clocks run fast: 38.6 microseconds a day. Moving at 3.87 km/s slows them by 7.2 µs a day, and being 20,200 km up, in weaker gravity, speeds them up by 45.8. In 1977 the NTS-2 test satellite flew a cesium clock with its correction switched off for 25 days. It gained 38.28 µs a day, against a prediction of 38.45. You'll often hear that without the correction, GPS would be 10 km off after a day, which is how far light goes in 38.6 µs. We simulated it with the real satellites, from the official almanac for GPS week 2440, and a receiver in Times Square. It isn't. A receiver doesn't trust its own clock: it solves for the time along with its position, which is why it needs four satellites. A clock error every satellite shares ends up in the time, and moves the fix by about 2 cm in a day. What does move it is the part that differs between satellites. Every orbit is slightly oval, so each clock runs a little fast and slow as it goes round, by up to 48 nanoseconds. Left alone, that puts you up to 26 m off within a day, and small differences between the orbits push it to 240 m after a year. Every GPS receiver takes the oval part off with a relativity formula from the GPS specification, for every satellite, every fix. Sources IS-GPS-200, the GPS interface specification (clock offset and the receiver's relativistic term): https://www.gps.gov/interface-control-documents-icds-interface-specifications-iss NAVCEN GPS almanac: https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps-constellation Buisson, Easton and McCaskill,
GPS satellite clocks run fast: 38.6 microseconds a day. Moving at 3.87 km/s slows them by 7.2 µs a day, and being 20,200 km up, in weaker gravity, speeds them up by 45.8. In 1977 the NTS-2 test satellite flew a cesium clock with its correction switched off for 25 days. It gained 38.28 µs a day, against a prediction of 38.45. You'll often hear that without the correction, GPS would be 10 km off after a day, which is how far light goes in 38.6 µs. We simulated it with the real satellites, from the official almanac for GPS week 2440, and a receiver in Times Square. It isn't. A receiver doesn't trust its own clock: it solves for the time along with its position, which is why it needs four satellites. A clock error every satellite shares ends up in the time, and moves the fix by about 2 cm in a day. What does move it is the part that differs between satellites. Every orbit is slightly oval, so each clock runs a little fast and slow as it goes round, by up to 48 nanoseconds. Left alone, that puts you up to 26 m off within a day, and small differences between the orbits push it to 240 m after a year. Every GPS receiver takes the oval part off with a relativity formula from the GPS specification, for every satellite, every fix. Sources IS-GPS-200, the GPS interface specification (clock offset and the receiver's relativistic term): https://www.gps.gov/interface-control-documents-icds-interface-specifications-iss NAVCEN GPS almanac: https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps-constellation Buisson, Easton and McCaskill, "Initial Results of the NAVSTAR GPS NTS-2 Satellite", PTTI 1977: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840071626 Ashby, "Relativity in the Global Positioning System", Living Reviews in Relativity 6, 1 (2003) Map: NYC Open Data, Natural Earth #shorts #physics #gps #relativity #einstein

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