The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 originally separated commercial banking (which takes deposits and issues loans) from investment banking (which deals with stocks, bonds, and market speculation) to prevent another Great Depression-era financial crash.
The core provisions of the act were officially repealed in **1999** by the **Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act** under President Bill Clinton. The repeal allowed massive financial institutions to combine both types of banking under one roof, creating modern financial giants like Citigroup. While proponents argued this deregulation made American banks more competitive globally, critics argue that tearing down these walls allowed commercial banks to engage in high-risk investments, directly contributing to the severity of the 2008 global financial crisis.
2026-07-10 04:20:50
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2026-07-11 00:08:51
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