Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – Notes Definition: Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries remains consistently higher than normal. It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other health problems. Normal Blood Pressure: Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg Elevated: 120–129/<80 mmHg Hypertension Stage 1: 130–139/80–89 mmHg Hypertension Stage 2: 140/90 mmHg or higher Causes: Family history High salt intake Obesity Physical inactivity Smoking Excessive alcohol consumption Stress Kidney disease Hormonal disorders Signs and Symptoms: Hypertension often has no symptoms. When severe, it may cause: Headache Dizziness Blurred vision Chest pain Shortness of breath Nosebleeds Risk Factors: Older age Diabetes High cholesterol Unhealthy diet Lack of exercise Smoking Obesity Complications: Heart attack Stroke Heart failure Kidney failure Vision loss Peripheral artery disease Diagnosis: Repeated blood pressure measurements Physical examination Blood and urine tests ECG (Electrocardiogram) Echocardiogram (if needed) Treatment: Lifestyle changes Reduce salt intake Healthy diet (DASH diet) Regular exercise Weight loss Stop smoking Limit alcohol Antihypertensive medications as prescribed Prevention: Maintain a healthy weight Eat a balanced diet Exercise regularly Reduce stress Avoid tobacco Limit alcohol intake Monitor blood pressure regularly Conclusion: Hypertension is a common but manageable condition. Early diagnosis, healthy lifestyle habits, and proper treatment can prevent serious complications and improve overall health. - @call_me_pharmacist98