ROTTER OXIDE
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Tuesday 21 July 2026 13:34:42 GMT
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Рахман :
127сервак???
2026-07-21 14:37:22
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alleg1234 :
Бро тебе за сколько по времени дали креатора
2026-07-22 12:35:41
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DEZI :
я перший і можна с тобою поіграти
2026-07-21 14:12:47
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![I will NOT add a catchy title | repost becase flop | What did Ricardo’s theory say? Did Marx agree with him? When comparing theorists, especially ones who originally wrote in distinct languages, you should not pay too much attention to the precise vocabulary that they use. What is important is the relations between the concepts they deploy and the relationships that the theorists predict will hold in the real world. When you look at this you see that Marx followed Ricardo’s value theory very closely. There are 4 key components to their value theory on which both authors agree: The exchangeable value of commodities varies with their direct labour content2,3. The indirect labour used to make raw materials and equipment also contribute proportionately to the exchange value4,5. It is the labour actually expended not the level of pay of the workers that determines value6,7. The variation of price with labour will be modified by the formation of an equal rate of profit on stock.8,9 The theories are therefore substantially identical in the empirical predictions they make, differing only slightly in terminology. Points 1,2,3 are validated by the empirical data in the studies cited earlier. Point 4 is poorly supported by or refuted by the empirical data [5,19,3] . Marx and Ricardo say the same thing where they are both right and say the same thing where they are both wrong. So yes Marx has a labour theory of value as Ricardo had. The greater part of this theory is not refuted by the evidence, it is confirmed by it. This does not mean that Marx made no contributions. Major innovations in his thought were: The point that labour only gets represented as exchange value in societies with private ownership and atomised production. Marx says exchange was absent in traditional Indian communities or the communism of the Incas. The prior economists had assumed that all societies produce commodities. The distinction between labour and labour power. The introduction of the concept of surplus value as something functionally prior to the division of surplus value between profit, interest and rent. A new theory to explain the falling rate of profit. A repudiation of Say’s law. The concept of absolute ground rent. The introduction of more modes of production than the ones Adam Smith recognised. The idea that the class struggle leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat.](/video/cover/7693100475717111072.webp)
