@christinasciarrillo_phd: This is one of the most complex topics in nutrition and metabolism. This represents what we know now, and as we learn more, we update our view. A biological model is really just a framework scientists use to understand how a biological system works. It organizes what we know into a system and explanation that can be tested, so that we can continue to learn more. It allows us to generate hypotheses and make predictions. Therefore, the energy balance model of obesity is only a model, it does not prove or disprove anything. It guides our understanding. And while we are still learning so much, please do not confuse that with we don't know anything. We know a lot, enough to say that there is not one cause for obesity. For simplicity reasons, energy and calories are synonymous in this video. Sources mentioned in this video: PMID: 35134825 PMID: 33759395 PMID: 22540251 PMID: 27136388 Allison DB, Sørensen TIA, Hall KD, Speakman JR. Preface: causes of obesity, theories, conjectures and evidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2023 Sep 11;378(1885):20220200. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0200. Epub 2023 Jul 24. PMID: 37482779; PMCID: PMC10363694.

Christina Sciarrillo, PhD, RD
Christina Sciarrillo, PhD, RD
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Tuesday 21 July 2026 20:03:58 GMT
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biscuitthethingofevil
ᛑᛗᛛ The Queen 👑 :
if it was as simple as "just eat less, move more, and have better discipline" taking a hormone wouldn't be helping millions of people.
2026-07-23 17:26:50
2017
kavat9
kavat :
Like Michael Hobbes said: CICO is like saying to win in basketball you just have to score more points. It takes away all of the complexity of how to get there.
2026-07-22 09:24:10
1268
thatsmrs
call me Green Bean. :
USA will never adopt these findings. The obesity hate is real here.
2026-07-26 12:42:24
1271
leilabeeee
🇵🇸 From the River to the Sea :
Insulin resistance, leptine levels, ghreline levels, inflammation, pcos, food noise, genetics... there's so many factors to obesity...
2026-07-22 09:27:19
633
redllauren81
Dust :
Some of us don’t eat more than anyone else or even less and still stay obese
2026-07-25 14:35:36
601
dropstill
DropStill :
Childhood sexual abuse is a huge factor
2026-07-26 14:14:11
171
sarazewa
SaraZewa :
So as we lose weight we biologically feel hungrier??? I KNEW I wasn’t crazy!
2026-07-25 21:24:00
263
whyamismilingitdoesntfit
Mel | :
I hope people will keep researching. I recently found out I have Lipodystrophy and even though I’ve had gastric bypass, am on a GLP-1, and barely eat - I can’t lose weight. My partner started a GLP-1 and immediately lost 50 lbs
2026-07-26 13:18:19
395
gluegungangsta
gluegungangsta :
food noise alone changes everything. All the "have more willpower" folks have never had the neverending food noise.
2026-07-26 17:13:59
18
mysandracondadont
mysandracondadont :
You can explain this a million times and ppl’s takeaway will still be: “fat people have no discipline”
2026-07-26 18:04:20
244
anarichagas
Ana ChaRi :
yes we’re supposed to eat less but we clearly aren’t able to do this (hence obesity epidemic), so science should really understand what the hell is going on
2026-07-22 09:00:24
132
isabelletalking
Isabelle 🇭🇺😭🇪🇺 :
Also it's not just about energy. Metabolic disorders change how the body is able to use the calories that are put in. When my Hashimoto's was unmedicated and I was basically not producing thyroid hormones, I would barely eat, because I was so exhausted constantly, I chose sleep over eating. I have memory loss from that year. I also gained 20kg. My body was unable to convert food into energy, and could only store it. So my body was starving while gaining weight.
2026-07-22 18:43:13
96
bushytop
ZenMatter 🏳️‍🌈 :
Now if we can just get rid of BMI
2026-07-26 21:46:22
55
laterkatersays
laterkatersays :
I have multiple medical conditions that impact my weight and have been overweight all my life. I decided to stop worrying about it and focus on my health, then actually got medicated for several of those conditions (including ADHD and PMOS). Immediately started losing weight. Turned out I had literally been fighting against my own biology for 30+ years. 🤦 Thank you for this informative, judgement free video!
2026-07-22 03:54:41
110
jellifishcharms
EvaForever :
This is why I have been saying medical professionals have been saying obesity is a disease, when honestly obesity is a SYMPTOM. We need to expand our ideas of what is at the root cause of weight gain beyond "eat well and exercise", bc it's usually so much more complex than that.
2026-07-26 15:27:48
53
zezebelle.veracity
NTF 🦊 :
Isn't this idea challenged by the success of Ozempic?
2026-09-29 03:01:28
0
xrising_phoenix
xrising_phoenix :
ive always found it really crazy when people blame it solely on food, and same with exercise. i heard this cool saying thats really changed my outlook and perspective: if everyone ate the same food in the same amount and exercised the same amount, we'd still all have different weights, body types, health conditions, etc.
2026-07-26 14:02:18
167
h4ppylittletrees
🌳happylittletrees🌳 :
Yes there is: capitalism
2026-07-26 17:55:46
71
ehtearux
EhTearux :
People want complicated things to be extremely simple and it’s not reality
2026-07-25 22:11:51
9
itsme_jessica
Jess :
If it was calories in calories out 99% of the population would be in perfect health (or at least the majority of the population)
2026-07-25 19:01:26
67
wastingtime637
jamesj3845 :
I tell people 2 things to try to get them to understand. 1) Our metabolism is not a closed chemical reaction. Several factors affect it. 2) Trying not to eat when my body is screaming at me to is like telling some one to keep their resting breath rate the same when they’re running. You can’t. You have to breathe more. It’s not willpower, it’s like we’re always running (which I can’t do anymore because of the toll weight took on my body, but that’s an aside). Most won’t understand because they don’t want to. I’m very glad to hear that experts are looking deeper.
2026-07-25 18:30:40
18
motzied
Motzie :
the two things that are consistent every time I lose weight (roughly 15-30 pounds over the course of 2-4 months) is that I have more money and I'm less stressed. More money because I'm able to buy healthier food more consistently as opposed to money saving food during harder months. Less stress because I tend to stress eat but also less money obviously means more stress. It's never the exercise I do or how much food I eat; it's the food I can afford and whether I'm feeling bad, because even when I'm exercising consistently I don't lose weight (PCOS).
2026-07-26 15:32:11
10
pocketleone
Leone :
my brother is obese because of childhood trauma and because of the fear of not getting enough food
2026-07-22 09:02:23
29
soggywhitebread78
SoggyWhiteBread :
When you see someone (usually a gym bro or wellness coach of some type) fall back to "calories in, calories out", it's usually because they lack the knowledge and nuance to help someone who is struggling and they have to project that as a failure on that person's fault (lAcK oF wIlLpOwEr)
2026-07-26 15:12:02
11
sarahneedsausername
Sarahaha :
The YEARS of shame and self disgust and embarrassment that came to an end when I started a GLP-1 five years ago. It was never my fault, I literally could not make my brain do the thing, and then, with a medication, I could. People whose brains can just do the thing and don’t struggle with weight and appetite have no idea what they’re talking about when they go on about willpower and putting down the fork.
2026-07-23 17:46:22
7
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