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Saturday 08 August 2026 17:38:57 GMT

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Tarık Yıldırım :

🌹💞🌹💞🌹💋💋

2026-08-08 23:57:21

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Tarık Yıldırım :

her şeyinle muhteşem harikasın Aşkım 💋💋💋

2026-08-09 00:15:28

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istanbul :

🥰🥰🥰

2026-08-08 19:27:40

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ANIMACION DE CARGA ✨️ #livewallpaper #animacion #carga #morado #charging

ANIMACION DE CARGA ✨️ #livewallpaper #animacion #carga #morado #charging

In 2009, Gaddafi Pushed for a Gold-Backed African Currency. In 2011, He Was Gone. Muammar Gaddafi stood before the African Union as its newly elected chairman and pitched something no African leader had attempted at that scale before: a single currency for the whole continent, backed by gold instead of promises. The idea was the gold dinar. Oil and other exports would be sold for a currency backed by physical gold rather than the US dollar. Any African or Muslim majority country could join. For much of French speaking West and Central Africa, it was framed as a genuine alternative to the CFA franc, a currency still partly managed through the French treasury more than five decades after independence for the countries that use it. For the wider continent, it was framed as a way to trade oil and other commodities without routing everything through the dollar. Libya had the reserves to make the pitch credible, and this part is documented independently of anything Gaddafi himself said. By March 2011, days after the uprising against him began, the Financial Times and NPR were already reporting that Libya's central bank held about 143 tons of gold, worth roughly six and a half billion dollars at the time, among the largest reserves on the continent. Here is where the story usually gets bigger than what can actually be confirmed, and it is worth separating the two. A private State Department email, sent by Hillary Clinton advisor Sidney Blumenthal in April 2011 and released years later, claimed that Gaddafi's 143 tons of gold, plus a similar amount in silver, was specifically earmarked to launch the pan African gold dinar, and that French intelligence had flagged this plan as a factor in President Nicolas Sarkozy's decision to commit France to the NATO campaign. The email itself is real and part of the public record. The claim inside it is not confirmed. Blumenthal attributed the earmarking claim to unnamed sources close to Gaddafi's son, Saif al Islam, secondhand information passed along in a political memo, not verified intelligence. Africa Check, which investigated the claim directly, concluded there is little independent evidence for it and that it remains impossible to confirm. So the honest version of this story has two parts. Gaddafi's public push for a gold backed African currency, made while chairing the African Union in 2009 and aimed squarely at dollar and CFA franc dependence, is well documented and not seriously disputed. The claim that this specific plan is the confirmed reason NATO went to war in Libya rests on one leaked memo citing anonymous secondhand sources, and fact checkers have not been able to verify it. Both parts are worth knowing, for different reasons. The first is a real data point in the continent's long argument with itself over what monetary independence would actually require. The second is a reminder that the boldest true stories about African sovereignty do not need an unverified conspiracy stapled to them to matter. Fourteen years later, the CFA franc is still in use, ECOWAS's planned single currency has been delayed for over a decade, and Francophone West Africa is negotiating its way out of French monetary influence one country at a time rather than behind any shared plan. What would it actually take for a continental currency proposal to get further than Gaddafi's did? #HistoricalAfrica #Gaddafi #GoldDinar #AfricanSovereignty #CFAFranc

In 2009, Gaddafi Pushed for a Gold-Backed African Currency. In 2011, He Was Gone. Muammar Gaddafi stood before the African Union as its newly elected chairman and pitched something no African leader had attempted at that scale before: a single currency for the whole continent, backed by gold instead of promises. The idea was the gold dinar. Oil and other exports would be sold for a currency backed by physical gold rather than the US dollar. Any African or Muslim majority country could join. For much of French speaking West and Central Africa, it was framed as a genuine alternative to the CFA franc, a currency still partly managed through the French treasury more than five decades after independence for the countries that use it. For the wider continent, it was framed as a way to trade oil and other commodities without routing everything through the dollar. Libya had the reserves to make the pitch credible, and this part is documented independently of anything Gaddafi himself said. By March 2011, days after the uprising against him began, the Financial Times and NPR were already reporting that Libya's central bank held about 143 tons of gold, worth roughly six and a half billion dollars at the time, among the largest reserves on the continent. Here is where the story usually gets bigger than what can actually be confirmed, and it is worth separating the two. A private State Department email, sent by Hillary Clinton advisor Sidney Blumenthal in April 2011 and released years later, claimed that Gaddafi's 143 tons of gold, plus a similar amount in silver, was specifically earmarked to launch the pan African gold dinar, and that French intelligence had flagged this plan as a factor in President Nicolas Sarkozy's decision to commit France to the NATO campaign. The email itself is real and part of the public record. The claim inside it is not confirmed. Blumenthal attributed the earmarking claim to unnamed sources close to Gaddafi's son, Saif al Islam, secondhand information passed along in a political memo, not verified intelligence. Africa Check, which investigated the claim directly, concluded there is little independent evidence for it and that it remains impossible to confirm. So the honest version of this story has two parts. Gaddafi's public push for a gold backed African currency, made while chairing the African Union in 2009 and aimed squarely at dollar and CFA franc dependence, is well documented and not seriously disputed. The claim that this specific plan is the confirmed reason NATO went to war in Libya rests on one leaked memo citing anonymous secondhand sources, and fact checkers have not been able to verify it. Both parts are worth knowing, for different reasons. The first is a real data point in the continent's long argument with itself over what monetary independence would actually require. The second is a reminder that the boldest true stories about African sovereignty do not need an unverified conspiracy stapled to them to matter. Fourteen years later, the CFA franc is still in use, ECOWAS's planned single currency has been delayed for over a decade, and Francophone West Africa is negotiating its way out of French monetary influence one country at a time rather than behind any shared plan. What would it actually take for a continental currency proposal to get further than Gaddafi's did? #HistoricalAfrica #Gaddafi #GoldDinar #AfricanSovereignty #CFAFranc

Síganme😫❤️#xxxtentacion #parati #tono #Viral

Síganme😫❤️#xxxtentacion #parati #tono #Viral

𐙚· #GETOSUGURU ꒱ may have shed a few tears while making this 😓 ˚₊‧꒰ა ♡ ໒꒱ ‧₊˚ Credits — @qrt.arts ♫ :: Remember Me #jujutsukaisen #foryoupage #gojosatoru #jjk

𐙚· #GETOSUGURU ꒱ may have shed a few tears while making this 😓 ˚₊‧꒰ა ♡ ໒꒱ ‧₊˚ Credits — @qrt.arts ♫ :: Remember Me #jujutsukaisen #foryoupage #gojosatoru #jjk

Все обои в тгк: wlpr8k 🔥 #обои #wallpaper #wallpapers

Все обои в тгк: wlpr8k 🔥 #обои #wallpaper #wallpapers

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