@jaxster.com: The key is how your skin converts them: Retinol → Retinal → Retinoic acid Retinoic acid is the form that actually binds to retinoid receptors in the skin. So: * Retinol requires 2 conversion steps * Retinal requires only 1 conversion step * Tretinoin is already retinoic acid, so it requires no conversion That means retinal can generally produce retinoid effects at lower concentrations and potentially faster than retinol. Both can support smoother texture, more even-looking pigmentation, collagen-related anti-aging benefits, and acne-prone skin. #retinal #retinol #darkcircles #puffyeyes #eyecream