@jacqueslees: French Nabla Spring Blade Fastening (Nabla Resilient Blade Fastening) France is one of the earliest countries in the world to adopt elastic rail fastenings. In the 1950s, the RN-type rail fastening was used as the principal rail fastening. Later, with the development of high-speed railways, the double spring blade fastening was adopted as the main rail fastening, namely the Nabla fastening system. RN fastenings and Nabla railway fastenings have been introduced and promoted in a number of countries in Africa and Southeast Asia. Japan is likewise a country that uses elastic fastenings as its rail fastenings. Type: Elastic (resilient), non-separated (integrated/direct) type; with retaining shoulders (shouldered); bolted clamping. Technical Parameters · Vertical (height) adjustment: 10 mm · Gauge adjustment (stepped / in steps): −8 mm to +4 mm · Clamping force (toe load): 11 kN · Spring travel (elastic deflection): 9 mm · Static stiffness: 70 kN/mm