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Tuesday 22 September 2026 22:40:52 GMT
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There is a dragon in my garage. You cannot see it because it's invisible, and you cannot hear it because it is silent. You cannot touch it because it floats above our heads, and you cannot even feel its fiery breath because its flames are heatless. Do you believe in my dragon? This is the thought experiment that Carl Sagan introduces to show that if somebody makes a claim that cannot be tested, or proven, or disproven, what is the difference between an invisible dragon and no dragon at all? It's all to do with what philosophers call the 'burden of proof,' which says that if somebody makes a claim, it is up to them to prove it, and not for everybody else to disprove it. If I say there is a dragon in my garage and you say you don't believe me, I can't turn around to you and say, 'Well, can you prove that there isn't a dragon in my garage?' Because there is an infinity of imaginary and invisible things that we could try and disprove every second. As Christopher Hitchens put it, 'What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.' If somebody offers you no proof, there is no need to rebut them. And yet we fall for this all of the time. In arguments, in politics, and in online debate, somebody will make a bold and outlandish claim, and expect other people to do the hard work of trying to disprove them.  There are invisible dragons everywhere. It's the conspiracy theory without any proof whatsoever. It's the accusation without any evidence at all. What Sagan and Hitchens are saying is that in a world full of dragons in garages, we only have one question to ask. 'Can you show me?'
There is a dragon in my garage. You cannot see it because it's invisible, and you cannot hear it because it is silent. You cannot touch it because it floats above our heads, and you cannot even feel its fiery breath because its flames are heatless. Do you believe in my dragon? This is the thought experiment that Carl Sagan introduces to show that if somebody makes a claim that cannot be tested, or proven, or disproven, what is the difference between an invisible dragon and no dragon at all? It's all to do with what philosophers call the 'burden of proof,' which says that if somebody makes a claim, it is up to them to prove it, and not for everybody else to disprove it. If I say there is a dragon in my garage and you say you don't believe me, I can't turn around to you and say, 'Well, can you prove that there isn't a dragon in my garage?' Because there is an infinity of imaginary and invisible things that we could try and disprove every second. As Christopher Hitchens put it, 'What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.' If somebody offers you no proof, there is no need to rebut them. And yet we fall for this all of the time. In arguments, in politics, and in online debate, somebody will make a bold and outlandish claim, and expect other people to do the hard work of trying to disprove them. There are invisible dragons everywhere. It's the conspiracy theory without any proof whatsoever. It's the accusation without any evidence at all. What Sagan and Hitchens are saying is that in a world full of dragons in garages, we only have one question to ask. 'Can you show me?'

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