K.C. WORKS :
1. The most common cause during casting: Formwork / Falsework failure - CONTRACTOR'S fault
Over 80% of failures during casting are collapse of the formwork that holds the slab.
If that is the cause, responsibility falls on:
a) The Main Contractor / Site Engineer:
• Using undersized props, timber instead of steel props, props not braced, props standing on soft ground • Removing props too early from floor below • Overloading - heaping concrete in one spot, parking a concrete pump on the slab, storing blocks on freshly cast slab • Pouring too fast, or too thick slab than designed • Not providing a competent carpenter/foreman to check levels and bracing
b) The Formwork Carpenter / Scaffolder:
Directly liable for poor erection, but legally his employer - the contractor - carries the liability.
This is why the contractor carries insurance for temporary works.
2. If the failure is structural - Reinforcement or Design issue
a) Structural Engineer is blamed if:
• Slab thickness, steel size/spacing, or span was inadequate on the drawings • No checks for punching shear, deflection, or continuity • Drawings were not detailed enough for site to interpret • He approved a dangerous change on site
b) Contractor / Steel Bender is blamed if:
• They did not follow the drawings - wrong bar diameter, wider spacing to save steel, insufficient laps, chairs/spacers not used so steel sank to the bottom • They used rusty, reused, or lower-grade steel (e.g. using mild steel instead of high-yield) • Concrete cover was not maintained
During casting, if steel has sunk because there were no concrete spacer blocks, the slab will crack and sag immediately under its own weight even if the design was correct. That is a workmanship failure.
2026-09-25 10:07:36