@everything.in.math: Every closed shape can be drawn by adding up circles that each spin at their own fixed speed, all chained together. That's a Fourier series. Each circle rides on the tip of the one before, and the last one holds the pen. 🔁 1 circle per axis: a wobbly blob, 5.6% off 🔁 8 circles: the shape starts to look like Germany, 1.6% off 🔁 25 circles: the Baltic coast and the Alps border appear, 0.7% off 🔁 100 circles per axis (200 in total): within 0.15% of the real outline The bigger circles draw the overall shape, and the tiny fast ones add the coastline wiggles and the jagged borders with its 9 neighbours. At the end you'll see the actual equation: x(t) and y(t) are each just a sum of sines and cosines. Add enough of them and they draw a country. Which country should I draw next? 👇 Outline: geo-countries dataset (Natural Earth), mainland only. #germany #deutschland #fourier #fourierseries #epicycles