our immune system has its own peacekeepers, and finding them won three scientists a Nobel Prize. Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi took the 2025 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine. Sakaguchi got there first in 1995, spotting a previously unknown class of immune cells that protect against autoimmune disease. Their job? Stop the rest of the immune system from attacking. In 2001, Brunkow and Ramsdell identified Foxp3, the gene those cells need to develop. Damage it and the body starts going after its own tissues. That’s autoimmune disease, explained at the root. The twist? Cancer cells exploit this exact self-tolerance to hide. See less - @isabelle994949