cloud 𓆩✧𓆪
Region: CL
Saturday 24 October 2026 02:43:25 GMT
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Raikkonation :
la risa:
2026-10-24 17:57:03
11932
Ani-Dub :
Te ries como Clarence xd
2026-10-24 03:07:32
3655
Kuguisaki :
Me ganaste con esa risa bro, nuevo seguidor
2026-10-24 15:07:05
2807
Oliver_345 :
risa de felicidad absoluta JAJAJAJJAHAHA
2026-10-24 14:43:45
817
Victor Hugo :
yo tengo una pero más chiquita jejejejejeje
2026-10-24 15:43:59
268
amante de focas :
cuando se distraiga se lo voy a robar
2026-10-24 17:40:37
145
کیرا :
M ENCANTA AJJAJAJA
2026-10-24 11:57:48
50
ɖųცٳąҳ :
la felicidad de esta persona
2026-10-24 02:45:48
105
🍝 βⓄˡ𝐚ñⒺ𝓢α 🦭 :
Yo también encontré uno
2026-10-24 17:02:13
23
JuanCa :
escuché tu risa y te empecé a seguir, es más, dije: está risa es una muy buena terapia
2026-10-24 15:56:37
7
D :p (ns ke poner) :
Jeje también tengo una (esta más arrugada)
2026-10-24 19:21:49
24
Megu! :
FOCA.
2026-10-24 03:08:38
23
𓆩BNJA_1801𓆪 :
Literal la Foca:
2026-10-25 02:25:24
10
VICTOR 🧃 :
me gusto me rei Nuevo seguidor
2026-10-24 16:14:15
44
ali :
su risa era de:
2026-10-24 18:36:59
7
𝖛𝖆𝖑𝖍𝖆𝖑𝖑𝖆 :
yo tengo un amongus de peluche
2026-10-24 14:18:01
5
THE WOTB GOAT :
se reía como este
2026-10-24 13:55:03
5
hellgodzilla5 :
me estaba tomando un tecito cuando me apareció tu video y lo escupi por la risa
2026-10-24 14:37:59
10
jos_eph._._ :
nunca había tenido tanta envidia en mi vida
2026-10-24 12:49:40
5
JAHIRO TCI :
no pensé que alguien se reía peor que yo 😭
2026-10-24 15:53:55
7
juan_Cr🥐🧉🕯️ :
jajajajajja la risa es contagiosa
2026-10-24 13:38:10
6
mazinger royale :
2026-10-24 13:20:06
6
Waza🗣️👻 :
yo pensé que era una garrapata
2026-10-24 14:59:55
70
𝙲𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚢 ㄖ爪ᘜ :
te ríes como Nifty de hazbin hotel :0
2026-10-25 01:00:37
7
To see more videos from user @jellymaru, please go to the Tikwm
homepage.
![➡️ Part 30 of Quantitative Finance From Scratch: the Black-Scholes formula. A call option is the right to buy a stock at a fixed price (the strike) on a fixed date. Fischer Black and Myron Scholes published the formula in 1973 (Journal of Political Economy), Robert Merton derived it another way, and in 1997 Scholes and Merton received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Black had died in 1995. C = S N(d1) - K e^(-rt) N(d2), with d1 = [ln(S/K) + (r + σ²/2) t] / (σ √t) and d2 = d1 - σ √t. S is today's stock price, K the strike, r the risk free rate, t the time to expiry in years, σ the volatility, and N the cumulative standard normal distribution. The stock's expected return does not appear, because stock and cash can copy the option. Our test run (blackscholes.py, 16 lines of numpy, seed 30): stock 100, strike 100, 1 year, rate 4 %, volatility 20 %. Then d1 = 0.3, d2 = 0.1, N(d1) = 0.618, N(d2) = 0.540, and the price is 61.79 - 51.87 = 9.93. One million risk neutral Monte Carlo prices give an average discounted payoff of 9.92 (standard error 0.014). With the stock at 100 the same option costs 4.49 with 3 months left and 15.08 with 2 years left. Honest notes: the model assumes a constant volatility and price paths without jumps. If you solve the formula backwards from real option prices, the volatility changes with the strike (the smile), so in practice each option gets its own implied volatility for the stock. #quantfinance #blackscholes #options #finance #python](/video/cover/7699456957379398944.webp)
