@merengueynadamas: Mao personally launched and repeatedly re-ignited the Cultural Revolution. He set its goals, backed the Red Guards in the early phase, protected radicals when useful, and never fully reined in the campaign until near the end of his life. Jiang Qing and the Gang of Four were powerful actors and enthusiastic participants—they ran propaganda, cultural purges, and radical factions—but they were not independent operators who somehow hijacked an unwilling Mao. They derived their authority from him. The scapegoating was real and politically convenient. It is a classic example of authoritarian systems managing historical liability: protect the founding leader’s image while punishing a smaller circle that can be safely discarded.

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