@war_tourist_media: I’m seeing more reports of fighting in tunnels across eastern Ukraine. Underground warfare has been a feature of this war throughout, including around the Avdiivka coke plant and other industrial facilities with extensive subterranean infrastructure. We also saw it in Kursk. What seems to be changing is the necessity. Tunnels offer more than surprise or a concealed route into an enemy position; increasingly, they may be the only relatively safe way to approach an objective. And “safe” is a very relative word. FPV drone warfare, particularly the defensive depth Ukraine built around its drone operations this summer, has helped shift the momentum. My assessment is that Russia effectively lost its summer offensive season; the increasing reliance on underground approaches reflects how dangerous movement above ground has become.