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𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄 𝑳𝒂𝒎
𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄 𝑳𝒂𝒎
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khangthnklo
1994 Đang Tu Tập :
Vai nữ rất cá tính tự nhiên hay
2026-11-03 05:13:12
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anuongsaochongon
😇🇲🇾🇻🇳 :
nhớ ghê
2026-11-02 13:17:31
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k..a..nh
ai yeu kiều Anh ko mình yeu nh :
hai c
2026-11-02 12:47:17
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Who were the Trojans? Part 3: Language 🏺 | After 150 years of excavation at Troy, only one piece of Bronze Age writing has ever been found. And it isn’t Greek. It's a small bronze seal inscribed in Hieroglyphic Luwian, an Anatolian language spoken widely across western Anatolia. On its two sides are references to a scribe and a woman, probably his wife. One seal can't tell us what an entire city spoke. But it fits into a much larger picture. Troy’s political world was deeply connected to the Luwian-speaking kingdoms of western Anatolia. Some of the names associated with Wilusa appear Anatolian, and even the earliest written form of the city’s name shows Luwian influence. The lack of a Trojan archive may also have a very simple explanation: they may have been writing on wood. Hittite texts actually mention wooden documents belonging to a deposed king of Wilusa, and three thousand years underground isn't particularly kind to wood. But Troy also had extensive contact with the Aegean world, and then there is Alaksandu, the king of Wilusa whose name is widely compared with the Greek Alexandros. So the picture we get is probably not a clean Greek-versus-Anatolian divide. Troy sat between both worlds. And while we still can't say for certain what language the Trojans spoke, the evidence we do have points us toward Anatolia, and quite possibly Luwian. Which makes the effortless conversations between Greeks and Trojans in the Iliad a little more complicated. Sources:  Watkins, Calvert. How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Watkins, Calvert.
Who were the Trojans? Part 3: Language 🏺 | After 150 years of excavation at Troy, only one piece of Bronze Age writing has ever been found. And it isn’t Greek. It's a small bronze seal inscribed in Hieroglyphic Luwian, an Anatolian language spoken widely across western Anatolia. On its two sides are references to a scribe and a woman, probably his wife. One seal can't tell us what an entire city spoke. But it fits into a much larger picture. Troy’s political world was deeply connected to the Luwian-speaking kingdoms of western Anatolia. Some of the names associated with Wilusa appear Anatolian, and even the earliest written form of the city’s name shows Luwian influence. The lack of a Trojan archive may also have a very simple explanation: they may have been writing on wood. Hittite texts actually mention wooden documents belonging to a deposed king of Wilusa, and three thousand years underground isn't particularly kind to wood. But Troy also had extensive contact with the Aegean world, and then there is Alaksandu, the king of Wilusa whose name is widely compared with the Greek Alexandros. So the picture we get is probably not a clean Greek-versus-Anatolian divide. Troy sat between both worlds. And while we still can't say for certain what language the Trojans spoke, the evidence we do have points us toward Anatolia, and quite possibly Luwian. Which makes the effortless conversations between Greeks and Trojans in the Iliad a little more complicated. Sources: Watkins, Calvert. How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Watkins, Calvert. "The Language of the Trojans." In Troy and the Trojan War, edited by Machteld J. Mellink, 45–62. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College, 1986. Hawkins, J. David, and Donald F. Easton. "A Hieroglyphic Seal from Troia." Studia Troica 6 (1996): 111–118. Melchert, H. Craig, ed. The Luwians. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden: Brill, 2003. Hawkins, J. David. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2000. Yakubovich, Ilya. Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Starke, Frank. Die keilschrift-luwischen Texte in Umschrift. Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten 30. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1985. Bryce, Trevor R. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge, 2006. Latacz, Joachim. Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery. Translated by Kevin Windle and Rosh Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Kloekhorst, Alwin. "The Language of Troy." In Troy: City, Homer and Turkey, edited by Jorrit Kelder, Günay Uslu, and Ömer Faruk Şerifoğlu, 46–50. Amsterdam: Zwolle, 2013. Hoffner, Harry A. Letters from the Hittite Kingdom. Writings from the Ancient World 15. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009. Homer. Iliad. Book 2, lines 803–806; Book 4, lines 433–438. Translated by Richmond Lattimore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951. #ancienthistory #ancientgreece #bronzeage #trojans #historytok

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