Ohemaa Serwaa :
Dutch rule in Ghana — 260 years, and brutal in a different way than British.
*Timeline:*
*1612* — Dutch arrive Gold Coast after breaking Portuguese monopoly. First fort: Fort Nassau at Mori.
*1612-1872* — Dutch Gold Coast. Not one colony but chain of forts — about 40 forts/trading posts along coast. Main ones:
- Fort Nassau (Mori)
- Fort Elmina — they seized Elmina Castle from Portuguese in 1637 — biggest slave fort in Africa
- Fort Crèvecoeur (Ussher Fort, Accra)
- Fort St. Anthony (Axim)
They never controlled inland. Asante Empire, Fante, etc ruled interior. Dutch only controlled guns, gold and slaves at coast.
*What they did:*
1. *Gold trade* — First 50 years, mainly gold. Ghana was called Gold Coast because of it. Dutch West India Company shipped ~ 100 tons of Gold Coast gold to Europe.
2. *Slave trade* — After 1637, main business became enslaved Africans. Dutch shipped about 550,000-600,000 Africans across Atlantic — from Elmina to Suriname, Curaçao, and what is now New York (which was New Amsterdam, founded by Dutch). Elmina Castle was the holding dungeon.
3. *Played tribes against each other* — Dutch armed Denkyira against Asante, then Asante against Fante, to get more captives and gold. Classic divide-and-rule.
4. *Never built schools/hospitals* — Unlike even British later, Dutch only built forts. No education system.
*Why they left in 1872:*
- Slave trade abolished 1814 for Dutch, gold trade declining.
- British wanted whole coast. Dutch traded all their forts — they swapped: Netherlands gave Gold Coast forts to Britain in exchange for Britain giving up claims in Sumatra, Indonesia.
So in *April 1872*, British flag went up over Elmina. Elmina people resisted — they had treaty with Dutch for centuries, not British. Asante King Kofi Karikari declared war on British because Elmina was Asante ally. That caused *Third Anglo-Asante War 1873-74*, British burned Kumasi.
That's why Ghana has so many Dutch artifacts: Elmina Castle walls have Dutch inscriptions from 1637 still today. And many of the 2,000 artifacts in Netherlands museums — Asante gold weights, royal swords, war drums — were taken from Elmina after 1872 and shipped to Leiden.
If you g
2026-11-04 19:58:55