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Scientists took the human gene most strongly linked to obesity and inserted it into a potato — and instead of destroying the plant, it grew 50% more food.   The gene is called FTO, and researchers at the University of Chicago, Peking University, and Guizhou University set out to test it after learning it plays a direct role in human weight gain — someone with two copies of the gene variant is roughly 70% more likely to carry excess weight. Crucially, no equivalent gene exists naturally in plants, which is exactly what made the researchers wonder what would happen if they added one.   The team fully expected disaster. Plant growth depends on an intricate web of genes and environmental signals working in tandem, and there was no clear reason a single mammalian gene should improve anything rather than break the system entirely.   Instead, rice engineered with the human gene produced three times more yield under lab conditions, and about 50% more yield and biomass in outdoor field tests. The plants also photosynthesized more efficiently, grew longer roots, and withstood drought conditions better than unmodified crops. Potatoes showed the same pattern despite being an entirely unrelated species, and further tests on grass, trees, cress, and lettuce produced the identical result: faster, stronger, bigger growth across every plant tested.   Researchers still aren't fully certain why it works, but their leading theory is that because plants have no natural defense against a protein like FTO, it acts almost unrestricted once inserted.   The technique remains experimental: proving it works reliably across full growing seasons in real farmland will take years, and the team is now investigating whether the same effect can be triggered using genes already present in plants, avoiding a human gene insertion altogether. But five years on, a discovery born from studying human obesity is quietly pointing toward one of the more promising tools for feeding a warming, growing planet.   source: Yu, Q., et al. (2021). RNA demethylation increases the yield and biomass of rice and potato plants in field trials. Nature Biotechnology.
Scientists took the human gene most strongly linked to obesity and inserted it into a potato — and instead of destroying the plant, it grew 50% more food.   The gene is called FTO, and researchers at the University of Chicago, Peking University, and Guizhou University set out to test it after learning it plays a direct role in human weight gain — someone with two copies of the gene variant is roughly 70% more likely to carry excess weight. Crucially, no equivalent gene exists naturally in plants, which is exactly what made the researchers wonder what would happen if they added one.   The team fully expected disaster. Plant growth depends on an intricate web of genes and environmental signals working in tandem, and there was no clear reason a single mammalian gene should improve anything rather than break the system entirely.   Instead, rice engineered with the human gene produced three times more yield under lab conditions, and about 50% more yield and biomass in outdoor field tests. The plants also photosynthesized more efficiently, grew longer roots, and withstood drought conditions better than unmodified crops. Potatoes showed the same pattern despite being an entirely unrelated species, and further tests on grass, trees, cress, and lettuce produced the identical result: faster, stronger, bigger growth across every plant tested.   Researchers still aren't fully certain why it works, but their leading theory is that because plants have no natural defense against a protein like FTO, it acts almost unrestricted once inserted.   The technique remains experimental: proving it works reliably across full growing seasons in real farmland will take years, and the team is now investigating whether the same effect can be triggered using genes already present in plants, avoiding a human gene insertion altogether. But five years on, a discovery born from studying human obesity is quietly pointing toward one of the more promising tools for feeding a warming, growing planet.   source: Yu, Q., et al. (2021). RNA demethylation increases the yield and biomass of rice and potato plants in field trials. Nature Biotechnology.

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